Possessives

Mio, tuo,… Which are the possessives? Should you use the possessive with or without the article? Do you say mia mamma or la mia mamma? Let’s learn the possessives in Italian and their rules.

The possessives in Italian

Possessives are words that indicate a possession, like Questo è il mio cane This is my dog. Possessives in Italian are based in gender and number on what is possessed. They are usually accompanied by the definite article.

WHAT IS OWNED
OWNER MASCULIN SG. FEMININ SG. MASCULIN PL. FEMININ PL.
io il mio cane la mia casa i miei libri le mie amiche
tu il tuo cane la tua casa i tuoi libri le tue amiche
lui, lei il suo cane la sua casa i suoi libri le sue amiche
noi il nostro cane la nostra casa i nostri libri le nostre amiche
voi il vostro cane la vostra casa i vostri libri le vostre amiche
loro il loro cane la loro casa i loro libri le loro amiche

Note on SUO

As you can see, no distinction is made between male and female owner: il suo cane his/her dog.

Note on LORO

The possessive for multiple possessors is loro and is not adapted, i.e. it always remains loro: il loro libro their book, i loro libri their books.

Do I use the possessive with or without the article?

Basically with article

As mentioned above, possessives in Italian are usually accompanied by the definite article.

Questa è la mia casa. This is my house.
I tuoi amici sono molto simpatici. Your friends are very nice.

Without article: Family members (singular)

Family members like the following, in turn, do not need the article:

  • madre mother
  • padre father
  • sorella sister
  • fratello brother
  • zio/a uncle/aunt
  • cugino/a cousin
  • figlio/a son/daughter
  • marito/moglie husband/wife
  • nipote nephew/niece/grandson/granddaughter

However, this rule applies only in the singular and to all persons except “loro”. Look at the following table:

FAMILY
OWNER MASCULIN SG. FEMININ SG. MASCULIN PL. FEMININ PL.
io mio padre mia madre i miei genitori le mie madri
tu tuo fratello tua sorella i tuoi fratelli le tue sorelle
lui, lei suo figlio sua figlia i suoi figli le sue figlie
noi nostro nipote nostra nipote i nostri nipoti le nostre nipoti
voi vostro marito vostra moglie i vostri mariti le vostre mogli
loro il loro cugino la loro cugina i loro cugini le loro cugine

Exceptions

Other words of family members such as papà dad, mamma mom and nonno/a grandpa/grandma, which are more pet names, can be both with or without article: la mia mamma / mia mamma my mom. With article is generally the recommended and more correct variant.

However you should also add the article to family members in the singular in the following cases:

  • when accompanied by an adjective: la mia figlia maggiore my elder daughter.
  • with diminutive forms: il mio fratellino my little brother.
Aggettivi possessivi

Esercizi

1. Drag the possessives to the right place.
2. Choose the sentences that are correct.

Impara di più!

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